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Varicose veins and venous insufficiency are two of the most common venous problems affecting a large percentage of the population. Although they are often seen as just an aesthetic nuisance, the reality is much more complex.

What are varicose veins and why do they appear mainly on the lower extremities?

Varicose veins are the dilation of the superficial veins of the lower extremities, a result of venous insufficiency, i.e. the inadequate functioning of the venous valves. When these valves don’t work properly, blood pools in the veins, increasing the pressure and causing the vessels to swell. This occurs mainly in the legs, as standing and the weight of the body put more strain on the venous circulation in the lower extremities.

Are varicose veins always a health problem or just an aesthetic issue?

For many people, varicose veins, like varicose veins, are perceived as an aesthetic problem. However, they are not always as innocent as they seem. In several cases, varicose veins are asymptomatic and do not cause much discomfort. Nevertheless, in many cases they are accompanied by discomfort, pain, a feeling of heaviness and burning, especially after standing or at the end of the day. In more advanced cases, serious complications can occur, such as thrombophlebitis or even venous ulcers.

How are varicose veins created?

The venous system works to return blood from the legs to the heart. But when the person is in a standing or sitting position, gravity makes this process difficult. If the valves in the veins malfunction, blood flows backwards and pools. This leads to dilation of the veins, further deregulation of the valves and worsening of the problem, a vicious cycle that eventually creates the varicose veins.

What are the most common symptoms reported by patients?

The most common symptoms are a feeling of heaviness, pain in the calves, swelling in the ankles and burning in the soles of the feet, which often causes the patient to take his feet off the blanket while sleeping. In more severe forms, hardening of the skin, brown spots, and even venous ulcers occur, especially in neglected cases.

How are venous insufficiency and varicose veins treated?

Initially, treatment begins conservatively with graduated compression stockings, which help decongest the veins and relieve symptoms. If there is no improvement or if stockings are not tolerated, we proceed to remove the inadequate venous network. This can be done either with minimally invasive methods (laser, radio frequencies, use of glue), or with the classic surgical excision of the vein.

What role does the experience of the vascular surgeon play in the choice of treatment?

The vascular surgeon is the one who will choose the appropriate therapeutic approach, depending on the anatomy and the severity of the venous insufficiency. In most cases, modern minimally invasive methods are sufficient. However, when the vein has a particularly tortuous course or wide range, open surgery may be required. For smaller branches, microincisions or sclerotherapy are preferred.

Conclusions

Varicose veins are not only an aesthetic issue, they are a sign of a functional problem of the venous system. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent more serious conditions and significantly improve the patient’s quality of life. Do not hesitate to contact a qualified vascular surgeon for evaluation and guidance.