Blog

Infections are one of the most common health problems in childhood, especially in the first years of life and during the school year. Parents are often concerned when their child has a fever or recurring symptoms, but it is important to know what is considered normal and when a medical evaluation is required.

Why do children get sick so often?

Children’s immune systems are in a “training” phase. This means that they are frequently exposed to viruses and other germs, especially in places like daycare and schools.

It is normal for a child under 4 years of age to have 6–8 viral infections per year, mainly of the upper respiratory tract, such as runny nose, cough and sore throat. In some cases, especially when the child attends daycare, this number may be even higher without this indicating a problem with the immune system.

Infections are more common in the winter months, due to lower temperatures and close contact.

Fever: When is it a concern?

Fever is a normal defense mechanism of the body and is not an illness in itself. In most cases, it is caused by viral infections and subsides within a few days.

If a child has a moderate fever (up to 38.5°C), which subsides with the administration of antipyretics, is accompanied by a runny nose or mild cough and maintains a relatively good mood, it is usually a mild viral infection.

On the contrary, when the fever is high (above 38.5°C), it is difficult to reduce despite the use of antipyretics and is accompanied by severe malaise, persistent cough, chills or rapid breathing, while unusual respiratory sounds may be heard, such as whistling during inhalation or exhalation, it may be an infection that requires immediate medical evaluation.

Parents should contact their pediatrician when:

• The fever persists for more than 3 days
• It exceeds 39°C and does not subside easily
• It is accompanied by severe malaise, drowsiness or irritability
• There are symptoms such as difficulty breathing, rash or vomiting
• The child is an infant under 3 months old and has a fever

Symptoms to watch out for

In addition to fever, there are certain “bells” that should not be ignored:

• Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing
• Intense and persistent cough
• Dehydration (reduced urine production, dry lips, intense thirst)
• Continuous drowsiness or noticeably reduced activity
• Ear or chest pain

In these cases, prompt evaluation by a doctor is essential.

School and infections: How to limit transmission

The presence of children in the school environment favors the transmission of viruses and infections due to close contact between students. To reduce the risk of transmission:

• We encourage frequent and proper hand washing
• We teach children to cover their mouth and nose when they cough or sneeze
• We avoid returning to school when there is a fever or severe symptoms of infection
• We ensure adequate sleep, a balanced diet and daily physical activity

Prevention and proper management

Prevention remains the most important means of protection. Vaccination according to the National Vaccination Program, as early as two months of age, combined with a balanced diet and physical activity, contribute substantially to strengthening the immune system.

At the same time, it is important to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics, as most childhood infections are viral and do not require antibiotic treatment.

Conclusion

Childhood infections are usually mild and are part of the normal development and maturation of the immune system. However, proper information for parents and timely recognition of symptoms that require medical evaluation are crucial for the health and safety of children.

A calm approach, adherence to basic prevention measures and timely communication with the pediatrician when worrying symptoms appear are the most important tools for protecting children’s health.