Colon Cancer: Therapeutic Approaches and the Role of Physical Exercise in Recovery and Prevention
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common and deadly forms of cancer worldwide.
According to 2020 data, approximately 1.93 million new cases and almost 935,000 deaths were recorded, making it the third most common type of cancer worldwide. Its incidence varies geographically, with Western countries showing the highest rates, mainly due to dietary habits, a sedentary lifestyle and obesity.
In Greece, colorectal cancer is also extremely common, with diagnoses steadily increasing, even in people under 50 years of age, making it a major public health problem.
Stages and Prognosis
Colorectal cancer is classified into four stages:
- Stage I: Locally limited cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of up to 90%.
- Stage II: With a larger extent but without metastases, with a 5-year survival rate of 70-80%.
- Stage III: Lymph node invasion, where the prognosis is significantly improved with chemotherapy.
- Stage IV: Metastatic cancer, with a survival rate of only 10-15%.
Early diagnosis is crucial for survival and the effectiveness of treatment.
The Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Adjuvant chemotherapy is particularly important for preventing relapse and increasing survival, especially in stages II and III. In patients with stage II disease and a high risk of relapse, chemotherapy is recommended, while in stage III it has been established as a basic treatment.
The FOLFOX and CapeOx treatment regimens have significantly improved 5-year survival (70-80% with chemotherapy versus 40-60% without). Although effective, chemotherapy is accompanied by side effects (nausea, fatigue, hematological disorders) that negatively affect the quality of life.
Exercise as a Complementary Intervention
The rehabilitation of patients after chemotherapy is becoming increasingly important. According to a recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine (June 2025), structured exercise programs after treatment improve survival and mental health of patients.
Participation in a three-year exercise program (endurance and cardiorespiratory strengthening) reduced the risk of relapse by 28% and improved quality of life. In addition, it was observed:
- Reduction in anxiety and depression.
- Boosted the immune system.
- Reduction in inflammation and prevention of cardiometabolic complications.
Prevention: Nutrition, Physical Exercise, and Early Diagnosis
In addition to treatment and rehabilitation, prevention plays a crucial role in reducing incidence and mortality. Adopting a healthy lifestyle with physical exercise, a balanced diet and avoiding obesity and a sedentary lifestyle contributes significantly to prevention.
At the same time, early screening programs (such as colonoscopy and tests to detect DNA of cancer cells or polyps in stool and blood) enable early diagnosis or prevention through removal of precancerous lesions.
In conclusion
Treatment of colon cancer requires a multidimensional approach: early diagnosis, effective treatment (chemotherapy) and supportive interventions (physical exercise, psychosocial support). Prevention through lifestyle changes and regular screening is the most powerful weapon in the fight against the disease. Combined, all of the above contribute to reducing mortality and improving the quality of life of patients.
