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In most cases, abdominal pain is not a cause for concern and goes away on its own or with minimal treatment.

The causes of stomach pain in children can range from simple and harmless to serious conditions such as infections, food poisoning, constipation, or acid reflux. However, when the pain occurs repeatedly and there is no clear cause, it can be more difficult to treat.

Possible causes of abdominal pain in children

Abdominal pain in children is very common, but because children have difficulty describing their symptoms accurately, it is important for parents to pay attention to certain signs.

Five common causes of stomach pain in your child:

Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis is an infection that can cause abdominal pain and is usually caused by a virus. Its symptoms include diarrhea, which may or may not be accompanied by vomiting, and a low-grade fever. The condition usually resolves within 3-5 days without the need for medical intervention. It is important to ensure that your child drinks enough fluids.

Seek medical attention if you notice:

• Blood in your stool or vomit.
• Symptoms that last more than five days.
• High fever.
• Signs of dehydration, such as dry lips, decreased urination, paleness, or excessive lethargy.

Reflux

Gastroesophageal reflux disease doesn’t just affect adults—it’s quite common in children and infants, too. It is difficult to detect, but the following symptoms may indicate it:

• Vomiting
• A sour taste in the mouth
• Pain in the upper abdomen
• Frequent belching (burping)

In most cases, children outgrow reflux as they grow older. Treatment may include the use of antacids or medications. In addition, adjusting the diet—avoiding foods such as soda, orange juice, tomato products, and spicy foods—can help significantly.

Constipation

Constipation is one of the most common causes of abdominal pain in children. Increasing fiber and water intake can help significantly. If you notice frequent constipation or blood in your stool, you may need to be investigated for conditions such as celiac disease or hypothyroidism.

Dehydration

Drinking enough fluids is vital, not only to prevent dehydration in cases of gastroenteritis but also to maintain proper bowel function.

• At least 50% of the fluids your child drinks should be plain water.
• Limit the consumption of sodas and other drinks with a high sugar content, as they can worsen abdominal pain and contribute to childhood obesity.

Less common but serious causes

In most cases, a stomachache is not a cause for concern. However, the duration and accompanying symptoms are important in assessing the condition.

Sudden, severe pain in the lower right abdomen may indicate appendicitis—a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.

Frequent abdominal discomfort that resembles gastroenteritis may be a sign of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially if there is a family history.

Other possible causes include:

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Food Allergies
• Celiac Disease
• Parasitic Infections
• Lactose Intolerance

When to See a Doctor

If your child frequently complains of stomach pains or the symptoms do not go away, contact your pediatrician.