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Hoarseness of the voice (hoarseness) and in general the alteration of the timbre of the voice is a symptom that often occurs in many people. But what does this symptom mean and how much should it worry us?

As is known, our voice is produced in the larynx by the vibrations of the vocal cords. The two vocal cords vibrate during exhalation and sound waves are created, which constitute the voice. The final timbre of the voice is completed by the resonators in the pharynx, mouth and nose.

Our “normal” and usual voice requires that the two vocal cords close well, move and vibrate freely and that there is no structure or obstacle that affects this process. Thus, when these conditions are not present, our voice deteriorates and becomes hoarse.

Causes of hoarseness

The most common cause of hoarseness is inflammation of the larynx and vocal cords, called laryngitis. Laryngitis can occur in both children and adults. It is usually the result of an infection of the upper respiratory tract by viruses and bacteria. It can also be the result of chronic irritation from smoking, gastroesophageal reflux, intense vocalization or other irritating factors. Laryngitis may subside on its own, but if it persists or affects breathing, it requires control by an ENT and appropriate therapeutic intervention.

Another cause of hoarseness and voice alteration are the so-called dysphonias. In this case, the cords do not move and do not close as they should. An examination by an ENT doctor is required and the treatment is appropriate, usually with voice exercises and speech therapy. A special case is vocal cord paralysis, which requires a thorough examination by an ENT doctor to find the cause of the paralysis.

Laryngeal tumors

Laryngeal tumors that can lead to hoarseness can be innocent nodules (calluses), which appear in those who make intense and improper use of the voice. The treatment is speech therapy and in some cases surgical removal.

Laryngeal polyps are usually the result of misuse of the voice and when they appear, surgery will be required.

Swelling of the vocal cords (Reinke) occurs in smokers and creates an intense and “bass” alteration of the voice. Here too, the treatment is surgical and, of course, smoking cessation.

Laryngeal tumors are the most serious cause of hoarseness. Hoarseness begins gradually and persists. In these cases, an immediate check-up by an ENT doctor should be performed, so that it can be treated promptly.

Importance of early diagnosis

Hoarseness in general is a symptom to which we should pay due attention. Hoarseness that persists for more than 7-10 days should prompt us to immediately seek medical attention from an ENT doctor. The diagnostic tools we have today help in the timely and accurate diagnosis of the cause. Surgical procedures on the larynx are performed with the help of microscopes, special tools, the use of lasers and radio frequencies, so that we have very good results.