Colonoscopy: everything I need to know
When should you have your first colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure in which specialists use a flexible camera to examine the inside of the colon and rectum.
For most people, screening for colon cancer should begin at age 45. The recommendation applies to people who are considered average risk, meaning those who have no family history or symptoms related to the disease.
Colon cancer is associated with several risk factors, some of which can be modified, while others cannot.
Risk factors you can control:
- Excessive body weight
- Lack of physical activity
- A diet high in processed or red meat
- Low levels of vitamin D
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol consumption
If you experience symptoms such as rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits (constipation or diarrhea), abdominal pain, or unexplained weight loss, you should contact a doctor immediately.
Who is at high risk?
Some risk factors are beyond our control, such as:
- Age
- Personal or family history of polyps or colon cancer
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
- Hereditary cancer syndromes, such as Lynch syndrome
- Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes
Individuals with a strong family history or genetic predisposition may need to start screening before age 45.
Alternative screening methods
A colonoscopy is the most reliable method, but there are other options:
- Stool test: They look for traces of blood or genetic changes.
- Sigmoidoscopy: Allows examination of the lower part of the intestine.
- Virtual colonoscopy: A CT scan that detects polyps or masses in the intestinal tract or in the walls of the colon.
The most important thing is not to ignore your health. The best test is the one that is done!
